The six causes that account for almost all declines
Not enough available balance
The most common one, and it includes cards that hold the money but have a pending authorisation sitting against it.
The card expired or the details changed
A reissued card carries a new expiry date and usually a new security code, even when the long number looks the same.
3D Secure was not completed
Many banks now require you to approve the payment in your banking app. If you missed the prompt or it timed out, the payment declines even though nothing is wrong with the card.
Your bank blocked it
Banks block first and ask later on anything they read as unusual, particularly a first-time online subscription. It shows as a decline on our side and as a security block on theirs. Only your bank can lift it.
International card rules
Some non-US cards decline USD subscriptions by default, or allow a one-off charge while blocking recurring ones. Your bank can normally enable it in a call or in their app.
Prepaid and virtual cards
Many do not support recurring billing at all. If the first charge worked and the renewal failed, this is the likely cause.